Med. praxi. 2022;19(3):202-206 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2022.032
Pathological changes of a spleen and prevention of infectious complications in asplenic patients
- Oddělení klinické hematologie, Nemocnice České Budějovice, a. s.
The most common causes of spleen alteration are liver diseases with portal hypertension, infections, diseases of the hematopoietic or immune system. A multidisciplinary approach is often needed due to wide differential diagnostics. Symptoms, age, epidemiological, travel, and family history should be taken into account. Cornerstones of spleen examination are laboratory and imaging techniques. Splenectomy is dominantly performed urgently due to spleen injury. A hematological disease is a less common cause. In rare cases, splenectomy is done as a diagnostic procedure because of focal lesions. Asplenism is associated with a higher risk of fulminant sepsis caused by encapsulated bacteria. As a result, asplenic individuals should be properly educated and vaccinated against the most dangerous pathogens. On hand prescribed antibiotic is standard of care. The approach to long-term antibiotic prophylaxis is not unified.
Keywords: splenomegaly, splenectomy, OPSI, vaccination.
Published: June 16, 2022 Show citation
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