Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Ivan Rektor, CSc., FCMA, FANA, FEAN

Med. praxi. 2020;17(4)  

Influenza in the year 2020

MUDr. Jan Kynčl, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2020;17(4):212-214 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2020.040  

Influenza is an infectious disease causing annual epidemics. The disease affects all age groups of the population and its course is highly variable from mild to fatal. Serious disease course can occur not only in chronically ill people and the elderly, but also in healthy children or adults. Vaccination is the most important method of preventing influenza and its complications. Influenza vaccination is also important in preventing the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction or stroke, both in the chronically ill and in healthy people.

Prolonged states of illness and repeated infections at general practicioner´s surgery

MUDr. Zuzana Humlová, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2020;17(4):216-220 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2020.041  

General practitioners usually meet patients with recurrent episodes of disorders characterized as common cold disease. These disorders can be seen repeatedly or their course may be prolonged. Repeated herpetic infections, tonsillitis, cough and urologic disorders are also the reason for frequent visits of general practitioners. Typical symptoms include fatigue, fever, non-specific arthralgia or myalgia or enlargement of lymph nodes. Triggers can be viruses, bacterial or fungal infection but also lifestyle and psychosomatic problems. Recurrent infections are also symptoms of immunodeficiency. Primary immunodeficiency as a common variable immunodeficiency...

Systemic pain therapy from the perspective of modern dosage forms

PharmDr. Martin Šimíček

Med. praxi. 2020;17(4):221-227  

Modern dosage forms, which significantly improve the pharmacokinetic profile of analgesics, are increasingly being used in the treatment of pain. The unique features and differences of individual products bring higher demands on patients in terms of correct application. The article presents examples of modern dosage forms for the treatment of acute and chronic pain with focus on the principal technologies used by the producers. For each dosage form (orodispersible tablets, controlled release tablets, transdermal therapeutic systems, etc.), it summarizes the information provided by the pharmacist for proper use.

Long-term anticoagulation therapy following deep vein thrombosis

doc. MUDr. Dalibor Musil, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2020;17(4):229-232 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2020.043  

In many cases, venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a chronic, recurring condition; therefore, secondary thromboprophylaxis of varying duration is always required. The duration and method of thromboprophylaxis depends on the attending physician's decision upon agreement with the patient. Secondary thromboprophylaxis should last at least three months. Afterwards, based on evaluation of factors determining the individual risk of VTE recurrence and bleeding, a decision has to be made on treatment termination or continuation. Extended anticoagulant therapy (no scheduled stop date) should be used preferably in patients who had no major bleeding with anticoagulation...

Early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the general practitioner's surgery and the significance and use of spirometry in primary care

MUDr. Ivo Procházka

Med. praxi. 2020;17(4):234-240 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2020.044  

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly its early diagnosis, is often underestimated not only by the general public, but in many cases even by professionals. As opposed to the management of diabetes, hypertension, or lipid metabolism disorders, the management of COPD is not paid enough attention to by the leaders of the Ministry of Health and health insurance companies alike. Although a preventable and, in early phases, partially reversible disease, COPD is not uncommonly diagnosed, and thus adequately treated, only late when irreversible structural changes of the lung parenchyma have occurred. Current administrative restriction...

Recognizing and treating sarcoidosis

MUDr. Monika Žurková, Ph.D., MUDr. Vladimíra Lošťáková, Ph.D., MUDr. Petr Jakubec, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Vítězslav Kolek, DrSc., doc. Dr. Ing. Eva Kriegová

Med. praxi. 2020;17(4):241-246 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2020.045  

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown aetiology that typically affects middle-aged and elderly individuals, most commonly women over 40 years of age. The symptoms that a primary care physician may encounter can be very non-specific. The most characteristic complaints occur in the acute form of the disease, Löfgren syndrome, presenting with a typical bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy detected on chest skiagram, a negative tuberculin test, and an eruption of erythema nodosum in the crural region, often accompanied by bilateral arthritis of the talocrural joint. Löfgren syndrome is usually associated with a good prognosis, with most...

Meningitis as a consequence of air travel

doc. MUDr. Olga Džupová, Ph.D., MUDr. Dita Smíšková, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2020;17(4):247-249 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2020.046  

During the air travel, the pressure and volume of air in the middle ear and paranasal sinuses fluctuate. If, for some reason, air exchange in the cavities is not possible, barotrauma may occur and, rarely, can cause a serious mechanical damage or inflammatory disease. Bacterial purulent meningitis, when develops within a few days of air travel, is probably a direct consequence of barotrauma. Headache and other flight-related neurological symptoms should be assessed for possible association with pressure-induced damage.

Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis

MUDr. Jitka Bušková, Ph.D., Mgr. Monika Kliková

Med. praxi. 2020;17(4):250-252  

Isolated sleep paralysis occurs in up to 7,6 % of general population, which makes it to be a common sleep disorder. Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis (RISP) means REM (rapid eye movement) related parasomnia, which occurs recurrently during the transition between sleep and wake that means during falling asleep or awakening. It is a transient loss of speech and voluntary movement that affects limbs and trunk muscles, which is especially at the beginning of the accompanied by an intensive fear. This burdensome experience can be elevated by accompanying fearful dreamy delusions, so called hypnagogic/hypnopompic hallucinations. Pathophysiological background...

Current situation in fighting HPV infection

doc. MUDr. Tomáš Fait, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2020;17(4):253-257 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2020.048  

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the most significant causative factor in the development of cervical cancer as well as other malignant and benign lesions of the female and male genital organs and, in part, of other transition zones between squamous and columnar epithelia. Prevention of acquiring this infection ultimately results in primary prevention of all these lesions. Primary prevention by means of vaccination with quadrivalent, bivalent, and, most recently, nonavalent HPV vaccine exhibits high efficacy against the types of HPV included as well as excellent safety. Moreover, population-based data show a reduction in HPV-associated lesions after...

The use of a fixed combination of atorvastatin and perindopril in a young man with hypertension and dyslipidaemia

MUDr. Ľubica Cibičková, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2020;17(4):259-260 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2020.049  

A more significant reduction in cardiovascular risk can be achieved by managing multiple risk factors. In particular, interventions should include younger patients. Fixed combinations of drugs aimed at managing both hypertension and dyslipidaemia are helpful. We report a case of a young patient in whom a fixed combination of a statin and an ACE inhibitor resulted in an improved lipid profile and control of arterial hypertension.

Utilizing agents with a fixed combination of active substances in a patient with an initial occurrence of coronary artery disease

MUDr. Rudolf Koubek

Med. praxi. 2020;17(4):264-267 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2020.050  

The present case report of a patient after acute coronary syndrome managed with direct angioplasty and stent implantation who was also found to have hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia demonstrates the use of pharmacotherapy preferring agents with a fixed combination of active substances. The initial treatment aimed at secondary prevention of coronary artery disease involving clopidogrel, acetylsalicylic acid, perindopril, bisoprolol, and rosuvastatin was subsequently reinforced with amlodipine in combination with an increase in the dose of perindopril. The medications prescribed consisting of five active substances in the form of three tablets...

Biological treatment today - a brief overview for general practitioners

Mgr. Šárka Sperottová, MUDr. Petra Matalová, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2020;17(4):269-271 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2020.051  

Target therapy is a rapidly evolving class of drugs. Thanks to their advantages, such as selectivity, they have found a firm place in modern medicine and other substances are constantly appearing on the market. They are usually polypeptides or proteins with a not exactly defined structure. Some "generics" of original medicines, so-called biosimilars, are marketable.

Zaznělo na 26. česko-slovenském angiologickém sympoziu Lednice, 30.-31. srpna 2020Desatero pro správnou diagnostiku a léčbu chronických žilních onemocnění

MUDr. Zuzana Zafarová

Med. praxi. 2020;17(4):272-275 | DOI: 10.36290/med.2020.052