ORL a oftalmologie

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(6)  

Slovo úvodem

prof. MUDr. Pavel Barták CSc

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(6): 291  

Cushing‘s syndrome - characteristics, diagnostics and treatment

MUDr. Viktória Ďurovcová, prof. MUDr. Michal Kršek, CSc

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(6): 295-299  

Cushing‘s syndrome (CS, syndrome caused by elevated blood and tissue levels of glucocorticoids) is a quite rare disease. It is necessary to think of it in patients with hardly treatable arterial hypertension and signs of metabolic syndrome with some specific characteristics. These patients are usually defined by central obesity and/or unexpected weight gain, moon face, skin changes – especially purple striae and easy bruising, menstruation cycle disturbances in fertile women, development of osteoporosis, muscle weakness and pain, psychical changes, etc. Two types of methods are used in the diagnostics of CS – methods for detection...

News in infectious hepatology

prof. MUDr. Pavel Chalupa CSc

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(6): 300-302  

Current leading problems in the field of viral hepatitis (VH) in the Czech Republic (CR) are discussed. Acute and chronic cases of VH still represent relevant health problem in the world and also in the CR. Information about prevention of VH (first of all postexposure prophylaxis of VH A and the main guides in postexposure prophylaxis of VH after risk exposition to the biological material) with the references of current guidelines in the CR and abroad are presented. Attention is addicted to the latest Czech guideline for the treatment of chronic VH B and the problems with reactivation and recurrence of VH B in patients undergoing immunosuppressive...

Macrolides for practice

prof. MUDr. Jiří Havlík DrSc

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(6): 304-307  

Macrolide antibiotics are effective against numerous gram+ and gram- microbes as well as against chlamydia and mycoplasms, the most common agents causing respiratory and urinary tract infections. Daily doses are relatively low, administered at longer intervals, and well tolerated by both children and adults. Their action is bacteriostatic; therefore, they are suitable for mild to moderate infections. As mostly administered orally, macrolide antibiotics are only second to beta-lactam antibiotics as the most commonly prescribed antiinfective agents in ambulatory practice.

Treatment of hypertension with a fixed combination. New evidence.

prof. MUDr. Miroslav Souček, CSc

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(6): 308-312  

The guidelines for treatment of hypertension list combinations of various antihypertensives. The effect of these drugs is commonly potentiated. However, one needs to realize the risk of lower patient adherence while having to take multiple tablets. A number of fixed combinations are available that are easier to use and, thus, patient adherence to treatment is more likely. Adherence certainly is a problem in hypertensives since the condition is chronic, often symptomless, and reaching the target pressure mostly requires combination therapy. In 2008, new studies concerning the combination therapy for hypertension were published that have a major...

Biological medication of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis I: principles and operation of the therapy

MUDr. David Suchý

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(6): 313-319  

Drugs produced by molecular biologic techniques, called the „biologics“, differ from the usual chemical medications. They are proteins, either monoclonal antibodies or fusion proteins with different pharmacokinetic and patient response characteristics. Theier unique specificity of action produces characteristic adverse events related to their ability to neutralise specific immune pathways. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF) blocking strategy is an impoirtant new class of biologic therapy for rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Crohns disease, colitis ulcerosa, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis This class of drugs is now being...

Chemotherapy and hormontherapy of breast cancer

Katarína Petráková

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(6): 320-324  

With increasing incidence of breast cancer its prevalence also increases. Improvement of therapeutic approaches recently introduced led to improved treatment outcomes. The introduction of taxanes into the adjuvant treatment prolongs the overall survival (OS) of the patients. Third generation of aromatase inhibitors appear better than tamoxifen in the adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women. New anticancer drugs in combination have brought new possibilities in treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer: their use apparently increases the rate of treatment response and overall survival.

Adverse effects of anti-tumour treatment and their medication

MUDr. Zdeněk Mechl, CSc, MUDr. Dagmar, Brančíková

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(6): 325-329  

Drug toxicity, along with drug resistance, remains one of the most significant barries to the delivery of curative doses of cancer chemotherapy. Anticancer cytostatic therapy can cause different acute and subacute side effects, that are related to their administration, mechanism of action, or effects of their metabolites. With increasing survival rates in cancer patiens, the prevention, detection and treatment of toxicity has become an increasing area of clinical oncology. The most common toxicities of chemotherapeutic agenst and their therapy are dicussed.

Rehabilitation techniques the most frequently used in the treatment of functional disorders of motion system

MUDr. Silvie Šidáková

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(6): 331-336  

With the problem of musculoskeletal disorders encountered by doctors many disciplines. Practitioner is often the first and how to access patient may significantly affect not only the course of acute problems, but also the subsequent quality of life of patients. The author presents a brief overview of the description most commonly used methods of treatment and rehabilitation of appeals to the active involvement of the patient to his own motion issue.

Unusual cause of angina pectoris

MUDr. Vladimír Rozsíval, CSc, MUDr. Miroslav Lojík

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(6): 338-340  

A 71-year old patient underwent surgical revascularization LIMA-LAD for the tight proximal LAD stenosis 6 years ago. For the last several months, he had been suffering from angina pectoris, rating from moderate to unstable, and finally including attacks of angina at rest. Coronary angiography revealed normal LIMA-LAD; however, a severe stenosis of the subclavian artery proximal to the LIMA take-off was found as the cause of the angina pain. Subclavian artery stenosis was managed by successful stent implantation and the patient has remained free of any symptoms for one month after the procedure.

Warfarin treatment

MUDr. Zuzana Grofová

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(6): 341-343  

The number of patients treated with anticoagulants is currently increasing. Agents working against vitamin K and its effects on koagulant mechanisms are used, e. g. warfarin. Since this drug has many interactions with other drugs and also with vitamin K content in food (some vegetables, some plant oils) it has been important to provide more correct information about vitamin K consumption.

The need for cognition and learning in patients with diabetes mellitus

PhDr. Ľudmila Majerníková, PhDr. Anna Hudáková

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(6): 344-347  

Diabetes education is becoming an important part of comprehensive treatment. Diabetic becomes a partner in the treatment and I assume a larger share responsibility for their own health. He was today in a new position. Patient don’t sufferer, that the dance shall be decided, but becomes the one who has the right, but also to affect his health and his disease. The success of treatment of diabetes and development of complications depends mainly on the attitude of the patient to his own illness, willingness to respect and comply with recommendations of doctors and nurses, which should help effective education.

VI. ročník kongresu je již slušná tradice zaměřená na edukaci praktických lékařů a sester

Mgr. Michaela Majerová

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(6): 348-349