Je potřebná znalost multikulturní zdravotní péče?

doc. PaedDr. et Mgr. Eva Zacharová, Ph.D.

Med. praxi 2013; 10(8-9): 267  

Combined hypolipidemic treatment in practice

doc.MUDr.Věra Adámková, CSc.

Med. praxi 2013; 10(8-9): 273-276  

The disorders of the lipid metabolism belong to the important modifiable factors of the manifestation of the atherosclerotis processes. Dyslipidemia is characterized by the changing of the values of total cholesterol, triglycerides and high density cholesterol (HDL). Etiopathogenesis of the dyslipidemia is very intensively studied, but clear explanation has not been done, yet. It is clear that the emergence of dyslipidemia affect how genetic factors and lifestyle. Treatment is pharmacological and non-pharmacological, especially eating habits, smoking, obesity (overweight) and physical activity. Where, non-pharmacological measures do not sufficiently...

Acarbose in the general practitioner’s surgery

MUDr.Marcela Szabó

Med. praxi 2013; 10(8-9): 277-278  

Acarbose is an oral antidiabetic that, for decades, has expanded the options of pharmacological treatment in diabetic patients. Acarbose inhibits intestinal alpha-glucosidase, an enzyme assuring saccharide breakdown. As a result, polysaccharide and oligosaccharide breakdown and monosaccharide absorption become slower, which results in a reduction in postprandial glucose elevation.

Influenza is a preventable disease

MUDr.Jan Kynčl, Ph.D., MUDr.Martina Havlíčková, CSc.

Med. praxi 2013; 10(8-9): 279-281  

Influenza is an infectious disease that causes epidemics of various dimensions every year in the winter months. The disease affects all age groups of the population and its course is widely variable, ranging from mild to lethal. Chronic patients and the elderly are at the greatest risk, but a serious course occurs even in healthy children or adults. Vaccination is the most important method of preventing influenza and its potential severe complications. Novel vaccines should improve the protection against this massively occurring disease.

Fixed combinations in the management of arterial hypertension

MUDr.Jan Přeček, MUDr.František Kováčik

Med. praxi 2013; 10(8-9): 282-285  

Arterial hypertension is a significant cardiovascular risk factor. Monotherapy fails to result in the expected therapeutic effect in the majority of patients. To achieve target blood pressure levels, about two thirds of patients require the use of combination therapy. However, compliance with treatment decreases with the increasing number of medications. The studies performed suggest that fixed combinations lead to improved patient adherence and compliance. According to the current guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension, the use of fixed combinations has its role as early as initiation of treatment.

Allergic rhinitis and allergic bronchial asthma

MUDr.Irena Krčmová, CSc., MUDr.Jakub Novosad, Ph.D.

Med. praxi 2013; 10(8-9): 286-290  

Although allergic diseases present with clinical organ manifestations, allergy is now recognized as a systemic condition. Allergic disease develops due to numerous environmental factors in a genetically predisposed individual. The most common allergic diseases are atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and bronchial asthma. The above-mentioned allergy types frequently combine with one another. Atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis are referred to as pre-asthmatic conditions. Eosinophilic rhinitis spreads distally and patients with allergic rhinitis have a 3–4-fold higher risk of developing asthma. For an allergic person it is important...

Inflammation of the thyroid gland

MUDr.Hana Šarapatková

Med. praxi 2013; 10(8-9): 291-293  

Thyroid disease affects about 6–8% of the population in the Czech Republic. The proportion of women and men is 4–6 : 1. Incidence of thyroid disease is about 15–20% of women and about 10% of men at the age over 65 years. The important part of thyroid disease is inflammation – an inhomogeneous group of diseases of different etiopathogenesis. All have inflammatory manifestation followed by function disorder. According to the course of the disease we can distinguish acute, subacute and chronic thyroiditis. The chronic thyroiditis is frequently ocured in practice. Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (as organ specific autoimmune...

Current treatment of tobacco dependence

MUDr.Alexandra Kmeťová, doc.MUDr.Eva Králíková, CSc.

Med. praxi 2013; 10(8-9): 294-296  

Tobacco dependence is a chronic relapsing disease with psychosocial and physical component. Both characteristics of the disease require treatment – psychosocial intervention and pharmacotherapy. The intensity of the treatment will vary according to the therapist time possibilities from short interventions (within 5 minutes) up to intense and prolonged treatment. Currently we have 3 types of first-line medications available – nicotine replacement therapy, which is available OTC in pharmacy and two drugs on prescription – varenicline and bupropion. First contact physicians should pay attention to tobacco dependence, at least...

Alternatives of treatment in ejaculatio praecox

MUDr.Luděk Daneš, CSc., prof.PhDr.Petr Weiss, Ph.D.

Med. praxi 2013; 10(8-9): 297-299  

The premature or rapid ejaculation is a second most common sexual dysfunction. It creates difficulties for our patients as well as for their partners. The treatment was not very successful until the recent time. With new psychofarmacological drugs, especially with new antidepressants, are our possibilities much better. The authors provide an overview of the possible therapeutical approaches. The therapeut can apply biological treatment or psychotherapy. The combination of both, with an accent on pharmacotherapy, may be the most successful.

A multimorbid elderly from the perspective of a gastroenterologist

prof.MUDr.Milan Lukáš, CSc.

Med. praxi 2013; 10(8-9): 300-303  

It is not surprising that, with the increasing age of the population, patients of older age are also increasingly encountered in gastroenterological practice who exhibit significant comorbidities while having dyspepsia or other gastrointestinal symptomatology. In addition to malignancy of the alimentary canal and of the subhepatic region the incidence of which increases rapidly after sixty years of age, the differential diagnosis must also include some specific conditions associated with older age. Moreover, the whole situation in the elderly is complicated by comorbidities that, in the case of deterioration, can induce dominant symptomatology...

Tick-borne encephalitis: vaccinate?!

MUDr.Martina Pýchová, MUDr.Lenka Vojtilová, MUDr.Marta Šnelerová, prof.MUDr.Petr Husa, CSc.

Med. praxi 2013; 10(8-9): 304-305  

Tick-borne encephalitis is a severe disease that occurs in endemic areas of Europe and Asia. It affects about hundreds patients every year in the Czech Republic. Most of the patients have typical biphasic course of disease and manifested with fever and a lot of neurological symptoms (headache, tremor, confusion, paresis). The therapy is only symptomatic. The disease is observed to be more serious in seniors. Almost 10 % of the patients suffer with permanent neurological consequences, mortality is about 1–2 %. Less than 20 % of people in Czech Republic are vaccinated despite the disease is preventable with vaccination. Thus, the Czech...

Perception of tiredness and sleep assessment in the context of the work routine of general nurses

PhDr.Lenka Machálková, Ph.D., Mgr.Zdeňka Mikšová, Ph.D.

Med. praxi 2013; 10(8-9): 308-310  

The article deals with the issue of tiredness and sleep in connection with the work routine among the profession of general nurses. The aim of the study was to find out how general nurses perceive tiredness in each shift as well as how they satisfied with their sleep. The research was carried out in a group of 164 (100 %) nurses working in internal specialty of nursing care in 6 healthcare institutions. The questionnaires were focused on work routine, the chance to participate in shifts planning, subjective perception of the feeling of tiredness throughout the shifts. In sleep assessment, a standardised Morin’s sleep questionnaire. The...

Dialevel - doplněk stravy u pacientů s diabetem mellitem 2. typu

Med. praxi 2013; 10(8-9): 306-307