Repetitorium Bolest

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(1)  

Slovo úvodem

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(1): 3  

Constipation - current approach to diagnosis and treatment

MUDr. Jan Martínek Ph.D

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(1): 6-13  

Primary constipation is divided into slow transit constipation and terminal constipation. Patients with terminal constipation have difficulties emptying their bowel. If it is caused by a paradox contraction of the pelvic floor and sphincter muscles, it is referred to as anismus. If terminal constipation results from an anatomical obstruction, it is referred to as obstructed defecation syndrome (ODS). Anismus is managed with physiotherapy, ODS is managed surgically. In patients with slow transit constipation, bowel transit time is increased. Currently, the only available treatment for severe constipation frequently is long-term use of laxatives....

Influenza

MUDr. Jaroslav Kapla Ph.D

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(1): 14-16  

Influenza is highly contagious infectious disease with epidemic even pandemic features of its spread. Influenza viruses are the causes of illness divided into three types A, B and C. Human is the source of illness, virus is spreaded by virus-laden aerosols or by direct contact with infected objects and susceptibility of population to infection is general. Influenza is characterized by the fever, headache, artrodynia, myalgia, chills and cough. The most frequent complication is presented by pneumonia. The rapid tests for antigen detection are used nowadays besides PCR testing and serological methods. The treatment is supportive, two classes –...

ADVANCE Study - glucose control arm: importance of intensive hyperglycaemia intervention for development of vascular diabetic complications

MUDr.. Marcela Szabó

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(1): 17-21  

The ADVANCE Study assesses the clinical impact of intensive treatment for blood pressure and hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetics on the occurrence of macrovascular and microvascular diabetic complications. The results of the blood pressure-lowering arm and their importance for diabetic complications were reported in numerous journals last year. The glucose control arm proved a statistically significant decrease in microvascular complications (nephropathy, in particular) and a statistically insignificant decrease in macrovascular episodes in the intensive treatment group compared to the standard treatment group.

Thrombosis and sarcomas

MUDr. Petr Kessler

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(1): 22-24  

Guidelines for clinical practice are formulated in the article: 1. Patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism (VTE) should be evaluated for cancer. The examination including history, physical examination, chest X-ray, abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography, PSA testing in men and pelvic examination and mammography in women seems be appropriate. Additional testing (CT and endoscopy) should be indicated only in case of suspicion of cancer. 2. For patients undergoing cancer surgery, pharmacological prophylaxis is recommended. Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs), unfractionated heparin (UFH) 5 000 U three times a day, or fondaparinux can be used;...

Current tobacco control in the Czech Republic

MUDr. Eva Králíková CSc

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(1): 25-29  

Tobacco products are not a standard consumer goods: half of its consumers will die because of it 15 years sooner. Tobacco consumption has to be lowered systematically. Always a complex approach of the whole society is needed not only in frame of a country but globally – as well as the tobacco epidemic is global. Tobacco control includes high taxes, protection against passive smoking, educational campaigns, total ban of tobacco advertising, large health warnings and available treatment. Except of lowering tobacco related morbidity and mortality does tobacco control support the state economics. According to his/her possibilities each physician...

Diagnosis and treatment of spondylarthritides

MUDr. Šárka Forejtová

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(1): 30-33  

Spondylarthritides represent a group of inflammatory rheumatic diseases commonly affecting the axial skeleton. Recently, their incidence has been shown to be higher than previously thought. It has also been confirmed that the diagnosis of spondylarthritides is frequently delayed. Therefore, a number of new diagnostic procedures have been developed which would allow the diagnosis of spondylarthritides to be established earlier. A new definition of inflammatory spinal pain has been proposed or magnetic resonance imaging has been included in the diagnostic algorithms. The paper deals with the current classification of spondylarthritides while providing...

Antibiotic therapy of respiratory infections

MUDr. Václava Bártů

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(1): 34-37  

Upper and low respiratory tract infections belong among the most frequent diseases of childhood and adults. Although many of them are of viral aetiology, they are treated by antibiotics. But it is necessary the use of antibiotics reserves for bacterial infections. Knowledge of local bacteriological situation of workplace, local drug resistance, national and international recommendations for therapy of respiratory diseases play important role in the choice of the optimal antibiotic drug. The basis requirement for select drug is its efficiency, safety and quality in the clinical practice which leads to the suppression of the bacterial infection....

Herpes zoster

prof. MUDr. Alena Pospíšilová CSc

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(1): 38-41  

Herpes zoster is an acute viral disease with a classic clinical presentation of a unilateral eruption of herpetic vesicular lesions related to a certain dermatome corresponding to the region of cutaneous innervation by a single spinal or cranial sensory ganglion. The disease is caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) which is identical for both varicella and herpes zoster and is a member of the family of human herpes viruses. Although caused by the same virus, varicella and herpes zoster have significantly different clinical presentations. Varicella is the result of primary infection with VZV with antibody production, herpes zoster results from...

Slušný násilník vyprovokovaný slušnou ženou

PhDr. Tereza Soukupová

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(1): 44-45  

Klinické a farmakoekonomické aspekty bakteriální imunomodulace

MUDr. Dalibor Jílek CSc

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(1): 53-54  

Výživa ve stáří

MUDr. Zuzana Grofová

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(1): 42-43  

PET/CT

Lubomír Tichý DiS

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(1): 46-49  

This article describes basic principles of PET/CT imaging, gives a simple review of indications to the investigation and describes shortly its course. It is mainly focused on understanding of correct preparation before the investigation.

Urinary incontinence and one-time absorption accessories

Nataša Sochorová

Med. Pro Praxi 2009; 6(1): 50-52  

Urinary incontinence is defined, according to the Interantional continece society (ICS), as any involuntary evasion of urine. It occurs both to women and men, to children, both to adults and seniors.