Medicine for Practice, 2010, issue 11

Editorial

Smysl života ve stáří

MUDr. Jiřina Ondrušová

Med. praxi. 2010;7(11):403

Review articles

Vaccination against yellow fever

MUDr.Dagmar Horáková, Ph.D., MUDr.Jana Vlčková

Med. praxi. 2010;7(11):406-407

Yellow fever is an acute feverish disease of viral etiology with endemic occurrence in Central America and in the equartorial areas of South America and Africa. The only specific prevention of this disease is vacctination. It is a live-virus lyofilized vaccine. The vaccination is compulsory for trevellers to the above mentioned areas. The yellow fever vaccine is given only at specialized and by the Ministery of Health approved vaccination centres and the centres of travel medicine. These centres issue the certificate of vaccination and International certificate of vaccination or prophylaxis with the record of given „required“ vaccination.

Intestinal microflora, gastrointestinal ecosystem and probiotics

prof.MUDr.Přemysl Frič, DrSc.

Med. praxi. 2010;7(11):408-413

Intestinal microflora is a postnatal acquired organ. Its metabolic activities are comparable with liver metabolism. Intestinal microflora, the mucosal immune system, and the intestinal mucosal barrier constitute a highly integrated complex, the gastrointestinal ecosystem. The full morphological and functional maturity of individual components requires frequent interactions marked with a brittle equilibrium. Their disturbances participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The probiotics stabilize the functions of individual components of the gastrointestinal ecosystem and contribute to the constitution and preservation of the physiological...

Progress in therapy of irritable bowel syndrome

prof.MUDr.Jiří Ehrmann, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2010;7(11):415-418

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gut disorders and is charakterized by abdomen pain with altered stool frequency or consistency. Symptoms are induced by physiological aberrations (like dysmotility and visceral hypersensitivity) or by the mechanisms of the initial inflammation (infection ?) and neuro-immune interaction. This is also the top of the contemporary research. On the other hand the therapy of the day remain on the level of the decrease of main symptoms; abdominal pain, constipation, diarhoea and psychological factors. Sulpride, antagonist of the D1 and D 3 receptors in dose 3time/d 50 or 100 mg is the first...

Varicose veins - diagnosis, therapy, recurrence

doc.MUDr.Jiří Herman, Ph.D.

Med. praxi. 2010;7(11):420-422

Varices of the lower extremities are among the most common diseases with typical symptoms. We use in the diagnosis of clinical examination and possibly with ultrasound examination. Treatment depends on the clinical picture and the patient‘s wishes. Since conservative therapy through compression sclerotherapy for surgical treatment, which may be classical or endovenous. Varicose vein surgery is burdened with a high percentage of recurrence, for which treatment follows the same rules.

Low molecular weight heparins in outpatient practice

MUDr.Petr Kessler

Med. praxi. 2010;7(11):424-428

The structure and function of low molecular heparins (LMWHs), their pharmacokinetics and monitoring, the most important side effects and list of indications are described in the article, which is oriented to the outpatient practice. The selected recommendations concerning bleeding complications, laboratory monitoring, thromboprophylaxis, treatment of venous thromboembolism and preoperative measures in patients treated with warfarin are discussed, and special aspects of therapy with LMWHs during pregnancy are mentioned.

Hypertension in old age

MUDr.Ivan Řiháček, Ph.D., prof.MUDr.Miroslav Souček, CSc., MUDr.Petr Fráňa, Ph.D., MUDr.Martin Plachý

Med. praxi. 2010;7(11):429-431

The number of people over 65 years icreases steadily in developed countries. Blood pressure, especially systolic, is rising with increasing age. Elderly people with hypertension have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. It was shown that treatment of hypertension of older persons improves their life expectancy. Selection of antihypertensive agents should depend on comorbidities and should be determined individually. Drugs of choice are low-dose diuretics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs and calcium channel blockers. Treatment should start with low doses that are gradually increasing.

Interdisciplinary overviews

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

a dotazníková metoda subjektivního hodnocení pacientů při dlouhodobém podávání preparátu MUDr.Vladimír Korda, Ph.D., MUDr.Jiří Spíšek

Med. praxi. 2010;7(11):432-436

Age-related macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness and is probably the main cause of vision loss in patients over 65 years. The number of people, blind or partially sighted as a result of this disease is high and is expected to grow rapidly in the future.

Driving for seniors

MUDr.Jindra Svátová

Med. praxi. 2010;7(11):437-439

Driving is an important part of life. Stay active driver wants to stay as long as possible. It is therefore important to determine whether the elderly can proceed or whether their participation is the hazardous traffick.

Lesions in the oral cavity

MUDr.Martina Bienová, Ph.D., doc.MUDr.Dagmar Ditrichová, CSc.

Med. praxi. 2010;7(11):439-442

Oral cavity is a mirror of the whole organism, and that is why examination of oral mucous is essential. Symptoms of many diseases and pathological stages occur in the oral cavity. In the overview diseases of the lips, buccal mucous, gingiva and tongue are discussed. Broad-spectrum of etiological agents of physical, chemical or biological nature might cause the inflammation in the oral cavity. Clinical stage and possible treatment are described in individual diagnoses. Further dermatological diseases affecting oral cavity or lips such as autoimmune bullous diseases, erythematosquamous diseases or adverse drug reactions are described. Typical...